AI is peeling back the layers of ālow-valueā work
Kenny Ching, Senior Lecturer, Business School, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau As generative artificial intelligence (AI) advances at breakneck speed, it is upending assumptions about which jobs are āsafeā from automation. Disruption now extends well beyond manual or routine work into white-collar roles once considered untouchable. Tools such as ChatGPT, Claude and Midjourney can produce policy briefs, analytical reports, software code, design assets and marketing copy in seconds. Even in specialised domains, systems such asĀ PolicyPulseĀ can generate structured briefs and thematic syntheses ā tasks that once required teams of experts. If AI can so easily replicate large swaths of professional output, how much of the economy rests on work that creates the appearance of value rather than tangible impact? And could New Zealand ā anchored in sectors rooted in physical work, human judgement and essential services ā be structurally better placed to thrive? AIās exposure effect AĀ 2023 Goldman Sachs reportĀ estimated generative AI could automate work equivalent to 300 million full-time jobs globally. The highest exposure is in administrative, legal and other information-heavy sectors. In 2024, theĀ International Monetary Fund warnedĀ that economies reliant on high-skilled services ā such as education, law and finance ā face both job losses and rising inequality. This echoes author David Graeberās concept of ābullshit jobsā ā roles that add little genuine value. Between 2000 and 2018,Ā most net job growthĀ came from low productivity service sectors such as marketing, consulting and corporate administration. These are precisely the kinds of tasks AI can now perform in seconds. TheĀ OECD has notedĀ routine information processing jobs face the greatest risk. AI is not only replacing roles ā it is revealing how insubstantial many of them were. Some argue finance illustrates this reality starkly: intended to allocate capital efficiently, the sector has expanded beyond its productive purpose. Businessman Adair Turner famously called much of […]
