NZ’s productivity stagnation requires a long-term plan from politicians
– Dennis Wesselbaum, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, University of Otago In the ups and downs of the global economy over the last decade, New Zealand has had one relatively consistent challenge: persistent productivity stagnation. Productivity compares the amount of goods and services produced (output) with the amount of inputs used to produce them. Since the Productivity Commission was set up in 2011, annual productivity growth has averaged at just 0.2% – one of the worst in the OECD. In 2023, New Zealand experienced declines across key metrics: labour productivity dropped by 0.9%, multifactor productivity (which includes labour, capital, energy, materials and purchased services) fell by 2.2% and capital productivity by 3.8%. There has also been a sharp decline in small business productivity, with a 19% drop from its peak in November 2022. Productivity is not only an abstract concern. It directly impacts income growth, exacerbates inequality and hampers overall welfare. The productivity puzzle But New Zealand’s stagnation doesn’t have to be inevitable. There are tangible approaches the government can take to boost the country’s productivity. Here’s how. Human capital There are at least two ways New Zealand can improve human capital – the sum total of the skills and education a worker has to do their job. In the short-term, the government needs to allow more high-skilled migrants to enter the country. This type of migration can reduce skill mismatch and create knowledge spillovers. That is, migrants bring valuable knowledge, expertise and innovative ideas from their home countries, which can spread to local firms, industries, or individuals via collaboration and competition. Over the long-term, investing in education and cultivating STEM and digital skills will be crucial for combating the country’s productivity stagnation and future-proofing the workforce. Technology Technological advancement is a key driver of progress, yet its integration requires careful planning. Artificial intelligence (AI), in particular, holds immense potential to boost productivity. One […]